The core components of axial piston pump include cylinder, oil distribution plate, plunger and swash plate. There are many plungers arranged in the cylinder, and the axis of these plungers is parallel to the axis of the drive shaft, hence the name axial piston pump. Unlike traditional reciprocating piston pumps, the plunger of axial piston pump not only reciprocates in the pump cylinder, but also produces relative rotational motion with the swash plate. The spherical end of the plunger is in close contact with the swash plate. The oil distribution plate is provided with high and low pressure moon-shaped grooves, which are separated by partitions to ensure good sealing and are connected to the oil inlet and outlet of the pump. En specifik lutningsvinkel upprätthålls mellan swashplattans axel och cylinderens axel .
The working principle of the axial piston pump is as follows: when the motor drives the drive shaft to start rotating, the pump cylinder and the plunger will rotate synchronously{{0}} Because there is a certain inclination angle between the swash plate and the cylinder, the plunger head always keeps in contact with the swash plate when it reciprocates in the pump cylinder. Take a single plunger as an example. When it rotates from 0℃to 180℃, that is, when it reaches the position of the plunger above the swash plate, as the volume of the plunger cylinder gradually increases, the liquid is sucked into the oil cylinder through the oil suction port a of the oil distribution plate.
Ändring av lutningselementets vinkel kan justera kolvens slag i pumpcylindern och därmed kontrollera pumpens flöde .
När lutningsvinkeln är fixerad är pumpen en fast förskjutningspump; När lutningsvinkeln är variabel kallas den en variabel förskjutningspump .
Axial piston pumps are mainly divided into two types: swash plate type and swash shaft type. In the swash plate pump, there is an inclination angle between the swash plate and the rotating cylinder body. This design allows the plunger to reciprocate in the pump cylinder. The axis of its drive shaft coincides with the axis of the cylinder Kroppen, strukturen är relativt enkel, och hastigheten är hög . emellertid bör det noteras att denna struktur har strikta krav på arbetsförhållanden, och kontaktdelen mellan slutet av kolven och swashplattan blir ofta en svag länk .}
The design of the swash shaft pump is different. The axis of its swash plate is consistent with the axis of the drive shaft. Here, the plunger cylinder body is tilted at an angle relative to the drive shaft, thereby driving the plunger to reciprocate. Flow regulation is achieved by swinging the angle of the piston cylinder, so Det kallas ibland svängningscylindertypen . Jämfört med den lutande platttypen fungerar denna struktur mer pålitligt och har en större flödeshastighet, men strukturen är också mer komplicerad .
Axial piston pumps are widely used in hydraulic transmission systems of machine tools, metallurgy, forging, mining and lifting machinery, especially in high-power hydraulic transmission systems. In order to improve efficiency, these systems are usually equipped with gear pumps or vane pumps as auxiliary oil pumps to supplement leakage and maintain pressure in the oil circuit.
